A packet has arrived with an M bit value of 1 and a fragmentation offset value of zero. Is this the first fragment, the last fragment, or a middle fragment?

You’re given a packet with M bit = 1 and fragment offset = 0. Let’s break this down step by step.

The M bit = 1 tells you that more fragments are coming after this one. So this packet is definitely not the last fragment.

Now look at the fragment offset = 0. Offset shows where this fragment starts in the original data. When the offset is zero, it means this fragment starts right from the beginning of the original packet.

Put these two together.
The packet starts at the beginning and more fragments follow.

That gives you a clear answer.

This is the first fragment.

M Bit	Fragment Offset	Interpretation	Fragment Type
1	0	More fragments follow and starts from beginning	First Fragment