Scaling

While designing the circuit sometimes the value of components may not be available so we change them with the available one, which is called scaling. To obtained the elemental values of the required filter we amplitude and frequency scale the normalized design.

Types of Scaling:

1.  Impedance (Amplitude or Magnitude) Scaling: The impedance's magnitude is raised or lowered in this scaling. The impedance, z(s), is multiplied by a constant factor Km to scale in magnitude. To preserve a desired physical attribute, it scales the elements' magnitudes.
2. Frequency Scaling: Without changing the impedance's magnitude, it scales the frequency. It does not alter the resistor "R," only the frequency-dependent components, such as the capacitor "C" and the induction "L." The transfer function also changes with frequency scaling, and new frequency domains are used to represent values. A factor of K(f) is used to scale frequencies.

Scaling enables us to:(Use of Scaling)

• Make use of standard component values.
• Achieve the desired impedance or frequency levels.
• Make sure the circuit runs within reasonable power, voltage, and current ranges.